Why do some fish fight more than others?

Reversible changes in how readily animals fight can be explained in terms of adaptive responses to differences in the costs and benefits of fighting. In contrast, long-term differences in aggressiveness raise a number of questions, including why animals are consistent with respect to this trait, why aggressiveness is often linked to general risk taking, and why aggressive and nonaggressive animals often coexist within a population. In fish, different levels of aggressiveness bring several direct fitness-related consequences, such as when aggressive individuals monopolize a limited food supply and grow fast. They also bring indirect consequences, such as when aggressive fish are more susceptible to predation and when they require a larger respiratory surface to service a higher metabolic rate. Fitness consequences of aggressiveness are often context dependent, with aggressive fish tending to do well in simple, predictable conditions but not in complex, less predictable conditions. The diverse, context-dependent consequences of aggression mean that aggressive and nonaggressive fish flourish in different conditions and explain in general terms why these behavioral phenotypes often coexist. There are a number of candidate evolutionary frameworks for explaining why individual differences in aggressiveness are often, but not always, consistent over time and often, but not always, linked to differences in general risk taking

Formulation and Evaluation of Quetiapine Fumarate Extended Release Tablets

There was no significant changes in the levels of known and unknown impurities between initial and 6 months stability loaded product ASSAY,DISSOLUTION AND WATER CONTENT: There was no significant difference in all the values between initial and 3 months stability samples. DISCUSSION: From the above stability data, it was clear that there were no significant changes in the physical and chemical parameters of quetiapinefumarate extended release tablet 200mg in both bottle and blister packs during the stability studies at intermediate (30ºC+2ºC/65%RH+5%RH) and accelerated conditions (40±2ºC/75±5%RH) during 3 months period. Hence the qualitative composition of trail-008 has been proposed as best to take up further batches. Present work focuses on development of Extended Release Tablet of Quetiapinefumarate Quetiapinefumarate is an antipsychotic drug and is used for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder In the market it is available as SEROQUEL XR® (Quetiapinefumarate) tablets It is available in different strengths like 50mg,150mg,200mg,300mg and 400mg In this work , Quetiapinefumarate extended release tablet 200mg (which is the reference listed drug product (RLD) in orange book , FDA ) was formulated by wet granulation method Totally 10 formulation trails were carried out Among all the formulations, trail-008 was found to be satisfactory. Hence on the basis of compression parameter results and in vitro release data, it can be concluded as best formulation The optimized formula was subjected to stability studies as per ICH guidelines There was no significant changes observed in stability studies after 3 months and hence trail-008 has been considered to take up further batches

Lagrangian Recurrent Steganalysis and Hyper Elliptic Certificateless Signcryption for Secure Image Transmission

Present-day evolution in communication and information technology dispenses straightforward and effortless access to data, but the most noteworthy condition is the formation of secure communication. Numerous approaches were designed for safety communication. One of the crucial approaches is image steganography. Moreover, provisioning of information security services is arrived at via cryptosystems where cryptosystems make certain the secure messages transmission between the users in an untrustworthy circumstance.  The conventional method of providing encryption and signature is said to be first signing and then encryption, but both the computation and communication costs are found to be high. A certificateless signcryption mechanism is designed to transfer the medical data or images securely. This mechanism will minimize the storage and verification costs of public key certificates. The author of this article proposes a method named Lagrangian recurrent Steganalysis and Hyper Elliptic Certificateless Signcryption for transferring the medical data or images securely. In two sections the LRS-HECS method is split. They are medical image steganalysis and certificateless signcryption. First with the Chest X-Ray images obtained as input, a Codeword Correlated Lagrangian Recurrent Neural Network-based image steganography model is applied to generate steg images. Second, to transfer the medical images securely the steg images provided as input is designed a model named a Hyper Elliptic Curve-based Certificateless Signcryption. The issue of providing the integrity and validity of the transmitted medical images and receiver anonymity is addressed by the application of Hyper Elliptic Curve. Chest X-Ray pictures were used in experimental simulations, and the findings showed that the LRS-HECS approach had more advantages over existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of higher peak signal to noise ratio with data integrity and with reduced encryption time and transmission cost

Smart Asset Management for Electric Utilities: Big Data and Future

This paper discusses about future challenges in terms of big data and new technologies. Utilities have been collecting data in large amounts but they are hardly utilized because they are huge in amount and also there is uncertainty associated with it. Condition monitoring of assets collects large amounts of data during daily operations. The question arises "How to extract information from large chunk of data?" The concept of "rich data and poor information" is being challenged by big data analytics with advent of machine learning techniques. Along with technological advancements like Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics will play an important role for electric utilities. In this paper, challenges are answered by pathways and guidelines to make the current asset management practices smarter for the future.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of 12th World Congress on Engineering Asset Management (WCEAM) 201

TWO PHASE CFD FLOW ANALYSIS OF R134a AND R1234yf REFRIGERANTS AND ITS EFFECT ON COOLING PERFORMANCE IN AN AUTOMOBILE HVAC EVAPORATOR CORE

The purpose of this research is to conduct a two-phase fluid analysis and simulation for examining the influence of refrigerant (R134a/R1234yf) properties on cooling performance of an automobile HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) evaporator core and compare their performances. In this research, streamline deviation, static pressure, velocity magnitude, pressure co-efficiency, Reynolds number and turbulent kinetic energy play a key role in the comparison of the refrigerants R1234yf and R134a two-phase fluids. Subsequently, it was found that R134a properties were better towards the cooling performance of an automobile HVAC evaporator core.&nbsp

(Benzyl­amine)chloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt(III) dichloride hemihydrate

In the title compound, [CoCl(C2H8N2)2(C7H9N)]Cl2·0.5H2O, there are two crystallographically independent cations and anions and one water mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit. Both CoIII ions are bonded to two chelating ethylenediamine ligands, one benzylamine molecule and one chloride ion. The crystal packing is through N—H⋯O, N—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯Cl inter­actions

Sirtuin 6 inhibition protects against glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating IGF/PI3K/AKT signaling

Chronic activation of stress hormones such as glucocorticoids leads to skeletal muscle wasting in mammals. However, the molecular events that mediate glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting are not well understood. Here, we show that SIRT6, a chromatin-associated deacetylase indirectly regulates glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting by modulating IGF/PI3K/AKT signaling. Our results show that SIRT6 levels are increased during glucocorticoid-induced reduction of myotube size and during skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. Notably, overexpression of SIRT6 spontaneously decreases the size of primary myotubes in a cell-autonomous manner. On the other hand, SIRT6 depletion increases the diameter of myotubes and protects them against glucocorticoid-induced reduction in myotube size, which is associated with enhanced protein synthesis and repression of atrogenes. In line with this, we find that muscle-specific SIRT6 deficient mice are resistant to glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting. Mechanistically, we find that SIRT6 deficiency hyperactivates IGF/PI3K/AKT signaling through c-Jun transcription factor-mediated increase in IGF2 expression. The increased activation, in turn, leads to nuclear exclusion and transcriptional repression of the FoxO transcription factor, a key activator of muscle atrophy. Further, we find that pharmacological inhibition of SIRT6 protects against glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting in mice by regulating IGF/PI3K/AKT signaling implicating the role of SIRT6 in glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy.Fil: Mishra, Sneha. No especifíca;Fil: Cosentino, Claudia. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Tamta, Ankit Kumar. No especifíca;Fil: Khan, Danish. No especifíca;Fil: Srinivasan, Shalini. No especifíca;Fil: Ravi, Venkatraman. No especifíca;Fil: Abbotto, Elena. Università degli Studi di Genova; ItaliaFil: Arathi, Bangalore Prabhashankar. No especifíca;Fil: Kumar, Shweta. No especifíca;Fil: Jain, Aditi. No especifíca;Fil: Ramaian, Anand S.. No especifíca;Fil: Kizkekra, Shruti M.. No especifíca;Fil: Rajagopal, Raksha. No especifíca;Fil: Rao, Swathi. No especifíca;Fil: Krishna, Swati. No especifíca;Fil: Asirvatham Jeyaraj, Ninitha. Indian Institute of Technology; IndiaFil: Haggerty, Elizabeth R.. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Silberman, Dafne Magalí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Kurland, Irwin J.. No especifíca;Fil: Veeranna, Ravindra P.. No especifíca;Fil: Jayavelu, Tamilselvan. No especifíca;Fil: Bruzzone, Santina. Università degli Studi di Genova; ItaliaFil: Mostoslavsky, Raul. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Sundaresan, Nagalingam R.. No especifíca

Potential Involvement of LOX-1 in Functional Consequences of Endothelial Senescence

Numerous studies have described the process of senescence associated with accumulation of oxidative damage, mutations and decline in proliferative potential. Although the changes observed in senescent cells are likely to result in significant phenotypic alterations, the studies on consequences of endothelial senescence, especially in relation to aging-associated diseases, are scarce. We have analyzed effects of senescence on the functions of endothelial cells relevant to the development of atherosclerosis including angiogenesis, adhesion, apoptosis and inflammation. In the course of progressing through the passages, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) displayed significant increase in size (+36% passage 12 vs. passage 4 , p<0.001) and reduction in both basal and VEGF-stimulated tube formation. The analysis of a scavenger receptor LOX-1, a key molecule implicated in atherogenesis, revealed a significant decline of its message (mRNA) and protein content in senescent endothelial cells (−33%) and in aortas of 50 wk (vs. 5 wk) old mice (all p<0.01). These effects were accompanied by a marked reduction of the basal expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Compared to early cultures, late passage HUVECs also exhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) and reciprocal shifts in BAX and BCL2 protein content resulting in almost 2-fold increase in BAX/BCL2 ratio and 3-fold increase in apoptotic response to TNFα exposure (p<0.04). These changes in senescent endothelial cells are suggestive of aberrant responses to physiological stimuli resulting in a less permissive environment for tissue remodeling and progression of diseases requiring angiogenesis and cell adhesion in elderly, possibly, mediated by LOX-1